All About Proteins - Structure and Synthesis

Enron Case - 2186 Words

Part B: What role did the CFO play in creating the problems that led to Enron’s financial problems? In order to prevent the losses from appearing on its financial statements, Enron used questionable accounting practices. To misrepresent its true financial condition, Andrew Fastow, the Enron’s CFO, takes his role involving unconsolidated partnerships and â€Å"special purpose entities†, which would later become known as the LJM partnership. Taking advantage from the SPEs’s main purpose, which provided the companies with a mechanism to raise money for various needs without having to report the debt in their balance sheets, Enron’s CFO directly ran these partnerships and designed them to purchase the underperforming assets (such as Enrons poorly†¦show more content†¦The employees tend to view themselves as individuals, focus upon their own needs and without putting extra effort on behalf of the overall company business. The culture was all about how m uch money could be made for many executive through the stock option incentive program. Finally, the culture makes it hard for creating an ethical environment and fraud is almost inevitable. The reason was Enron’s management has less focus to create a relationship of openness and trust with employees. Staff members who saw wrongdoing were either ignored or silenced. As such, it is an essential component in any businesss ultimate success or failure. Part A It is hard to believe Enron, the seventh largest leading corporation in electricity, natural gas and communications based in United Stated filled for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December 2001. The company with claimed revenues of $101 Billion in 2000 finally ended up when investigations revealed that it had inflated its earnings by â€Å"hiding its debt, committing institutionalized, systematic and well-planned accounting fraud†. The scandal is the most significant corporate collapse in the United States since the failure of many savings and loan banks during the 1980s. (1) Enron Corporation was born in 1985, a resulting company of Houston Natural Gas and Omaha-based InterNorth. Ken Lay, who had been CEO of Houston Natural Gas, becomes chairman and CEO of the following year. Enron won Fortune Magazines award ofShow MoreRelatedEnron Case1075 Words   |  5 PagesMINI CASE: THE FILURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT ENRON 1.Which parts of the corporate governance system, internal and external, do you believe failed Enron the most? In the evaluation of the Enron’s case; by trying to see the very big picture, it is not only about that the internal part of the corporate governance system was failed or but also the external part of the corporate governance system was also failed. As noted on the last paragraph of the mini case, many people from different positionsRead MoreEnron Case1899 Words   |  8 PagesENRON CASE Please read the Enron cases posted on blackboard and the one in your book then answer the following questions based upon the case and Chapter 9. Make sure that your answers are supported by the facts of the case and the concepts you learned from Chapter 5. Please rely only on the case/chapter 9 to answer the questions except for question # 12—requires outside search. Make sure your answers are sufficiently brief, concise, and relevant to the question. Please avoid generalRead MoreEnron Case2402 Words   |  10 Pages Imane Malihi Prof. Fred Friend BLW411/511 March 27, 2014 The Downfall of Enron Corporation â€Å"Ethics and integrity are at the core of sustainable long term success †¦ Without them, no strategy can work and, as Enron has demonstrated, enterprises will fail. That’s despite having some of the ‘smartest’ guys in the room.† by Richard Rudden. As the quotation states, ethics and integrity play a key role in the success of any corporation; through these principles, companies can ensure their complianceRead MoreThe Case Of The Enron Case Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages1.1. One of the most important fraud cases in the USA was The Enron case because of his criminal activity which involved a big part of USA. Let me give a short introduce about it, â€Å"In 1974, Kenneth Lay joined the Florida Gas Company, eventually serving as president of its successor company, Continental Resources Company. In 1981, he left Continental to join Transco Energy Company in Houston, Texas. Three years later, Lay joined Houston Natural Gas Co. as chairman and CEO. The company merged withRead MoreENRON Case Study1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a â€Å"crisis of confidence† on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices. Following parties are believed to be the most responsible for the crisis. With any big organization going so bad, the blame starts with the top level executives, there was no different in this case. For Enron the blame started with Enron’sRead MoreEnron Case2918 Words   |  12 Pagesseemed eliminate confidence by the business world about the practice of good corporate governance in the United States. Enron was a company that was ranked as seventh out of the five hundred leading companies in the United States and is the largest U.S. energy company that went bankrupt leaving debts amounting to nearly U.S. $ 31.2 billion. In instance with the case of Enron known occurrence of moral threat behavior such as manipulation of financial statements with a record 600 million dollar profitRead MoreCase: 9 Enron928 Words   |  4 PagesCase 9: Enron; Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse Bruce Smith Minnesota School of Business BS430 Business Ethics MR. Morris November 25, 2012 1. 2. 1. How did the corporate culture of Enron contribute to its bankruptcy? Effective leaders are good at getting followers to their common goals or objectives in the most effective and efficient way; unfortunately for Enron, in the end Ken Lay and Jeffery skilling were too focused on profits that nothing else mattered. In theRead MoreEnron Case Study5921 Words   |  24 PagesEnron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enron’s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnershipsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron case is a very popular case to show how the profession of accounting is vital to make the corporate world of business flow reliably. Enron was recognized as one of the world’s major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper’s company. However Enron was found to record assets and profits at inflated, fraudulent and non-existent amounts. Debts and losses were found to be excluded from financial statements along with other major transactions between Enron and other companiesRead MoreEnron Case Study Analysis1699 Words    |  7 PagesBusiness Strategy Enron Case Study 09/08/12 Enron Case Study: From Company to Conspiracy 1. What is the History of Enron, and what current situation does it find itself in? Enron was created by a combination of companies. These companies were Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. These companies were merged together in July 1985. CEO of Houston Natural Gas, Kenneth Lay became chairman and CEO of the combined company. This happened in February 1986. The company changed its name to Enron on April 10th

Rhetoric Analysis Free Essays

English 103 Rhetorical Analysis Authors Becky Herz, and Kim Phuc wrote essays that not only touched hearts, but also made people take a different look at life and those around them. â€Å"The Long Road to Forgiveness† and â€Å"My Husband Will Call Me Tomorrow† are two essays that use literary devices such as pathos, imagery, ethos, and repetition to effectively tell their stories. By using different rhetorical and literary devices in their writing they were able to make an impact with their words. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetoric Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Words are very powerful weapons in the battle of making a point and trying to make sure that people actually understand that same point. In Herz’s â€Å"My Husband Will Call Tomorrow† she was able to use repetition as well as visual devices to effectively tell her story. Her use of these devices allows the reader to be able to connect and see things from her level. Phuc’s essay on the other hand, was able to evoke gut-wrenching emotion, just using devices such as imagery and details about to make her story credible. Becky Herz’s essay, â€Å"My Husband Will Call Me Tomorrow† contains credibility in her use of certain details about how her life is laid out now that her husband is not at home. Her use of repetition through the essay, stating that, â€Å"I believe my husband is going to call me tomorrow† is very effective. The author states this through the essay multiple times. This can be interpreted in a way where one can come to believe that she is just stating a fact. Over and over she states that her husband is going to call her; this shows that she has hope, faith, and is determined that her husband will indeed call her tomorrow. Herz gives detail about how she puts the baby to bed, walks the dogs, checks on her employees; this expresses how she does indeed â€Å"have her hands full† and establishes her credibility. By going through her everyday life, this reveals that hope and belief that nothing is out of the ordinary. Through detailing the actions and evoking the emotion behind it, she makes her story more credible and emotional. The reader can actually believe that she does have hope and believe her husband will call her. If she really did not believe that her husband would call, would she keep her usual routine? Or would she just wallow in the idea that she will never see him again? Her use of repetition helped make her essay touching and believable. In Kim Phuc’s essay, â€Å"The Long Road to Forgiveness† she does not tell a story. She states the facts about everything that happened to her when she was younger giving the story an emotional effect. She described in intricate detail about how she saw everything around her in flames. â€Å"I saw fire everywhere around me. Then I saw fire over my body, especially on my left arm. My clothes had been burned off my body† (Phuc 179). Not only did this statement help provoke the emotion in her story, but it also created imagery for the audience. Her word choice allows the audience to visualize the fire everywhere around her, burning off her clothes and everything around her. Also you can read Rhetorical Devices in Night Walker by Brent Staples Her words further on in the essay help form her credibility in the forgiveness that she is trying to provoke upon the reader. Still, her story is so detailed and thought provoking to feel some time of emotion for what has happened to her is unavoidable. As her essay goes on, never in the beginning or the middle does she state exactly what caused all the damage around her; Phuc saves the fact that she was burned by napalm until the very end of the essay. By just giving details about what happened instead of stating that fact first and then elaborating on it, allowed the essay to have a more emotional impact on the reader. By finalizing what exactly caused all this damage to her physical being, stating how â€Å"Napalm is very powerful, but faith, forgiveness, and love are much more powerful† (Phuc 180), she made her story that much more credible. Especially when she reiterates how is â€Å"If that little girl in the picture can do it (forgive), ask yourself: Can you? † (Phuc 181). Both Becky Herz and Kim Phuc were able to use emotion in their writing and make their essays credible by using details that forced the reader to actually sit back and think about what they were reading. For instance, in Herz’s essay, just how she wrote about how she went through her day waiting for her husband to call her, it was almost as if she was just writing a note to a friend. Her diction created a relaxed tone though she was talking about something that was anything but that. She didn’t write it like she was trying to make the reader feel sorry for her; she was just revealing that she had hope by going through her everyday routine. â€Å"When people say, ‘Looks like you have your hands full,’ I’ll smile and acknowledge that its true, but I make the nest of it because I believe my husband will call me tomorrow† (Herz 110). Phuc organized her essay the same way. She did not ask for any type of pity in her writing in how she wrote it; the facts about what happened were simply stated. From the very first sentence, â€Å"On June 8, 1972, I ran out from Cao Dai temple in my village, Trang Bang, South Vietnam, I saw an airplane getting lower and then four bombs falling down† (Phuc 179), information was given but pity was not requested. She told what happened, and how from it, her life changed drastically; this unknowingly pulls emotion from the reader, and helps establish even more credibility. The Long Road to Forgiveness† and â€Å"My Husband Will Call Me Tomorrow† are two essays that use literary devices such as pathos, imagery, ethos, and repetition to effectively tell their stories and create an essay where the audience can establish understandings and connections. From Phuc’s essay the reader can visualize almost every single detail that she writes about because the words the mselves are so vivid. The reader can see the bombs falling out of the sky as they skim over the words. Becky Herz and Kim Phuc’s essays in This I Believe II are two perfect examples of these literary devices fundamentally being put to use. How to cite Rhetoric Analysis, Essay examples

Financial Cycle and Macroeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Financial Cycle and Macroeconomics. Answer: Introduction Singapore is a potent Asian superpower despite its small size. Its economy is open and is highly conducive for trade and attracting foreign investors. The macroeconomic indicators of the country are also stable which augers well for economic growth. The per-capita GDP is the third highest in the world at $85,127 (taking PPP into consideration) in 2015. In 2015, the real GDP of the nation was $ 470.55 billion. On June 30, 2015, the total labour force in the nation is estimated to be 3.63 million. The unemployment levels are also stable at around 2% while the inflation continues to be near zero. Nearly (3/4)th of the GDP comes from the service sector while the manufacturing sector contributed for the rest. The exports are significantly greater than the imports resulting in a positive balance of payments. Due to its stable policy regime and investor friendly policies, Singapore attracted a FDI of $ 900 billion in 2015 while the investment from Singapore to outside nations stood at $ 518 billion (Tan, 2015). The present report aims to review the production output performance, labour market performance and price performance during the period 2005-2014. The various indicators used in this quest would be explained and also the fluctuations in the same during the period along with government intervention would be interpreted and explained. Production Output Performance Trend Analysis The following graph summarizes Singapores real GDP during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). From the graph again, it can be observed that the country has attained the highest GDP level in the year 2014 amounting to USD 306.34 billion. Also, the country has shown a constant uptrend in terms of GDP which was adversely impacted in 2009 when the GDP remained flat. Further, the economy has witnessed a comeback from 2010 when the GDP growth returned and has been continuing ever since albeit at a lower rate. The following graph summarizes Singapores real GDP growth rate during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). From the graph, it can be observed that both the highest and lowest growth rate in GDP can be attributed to the global financial crisis. This is primarily because, the lowest quarterly growth rate i.e. 13.5% coincided with the peak of the crisis and the highest quarterly growth rate i.e. 37.2% was observed at the time of recovery in the year 2010. These fluctuations in the growth may be attributed to the fact that Singapore is an open economy whose fortunes are driven by trade and financial services. Thus, global swings tend to have a profound impact on performance of economy. The following graph summarizes Singapores per capita GDP during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). It is evident that there has been a continuous uptrend in the per capita GDP. However, at the onset of the crisis i.e. 2008 and 2009, there has been a decline in the per capita GDP. The highest level of USD 51,440.82 has been attained in 2014 while the lowest level of USD 40,020.26 has been witnessed in 2005. This clearly depicts that the growth in GDP for most of the period has surpassed the growth rate in population which augers well for the improvement of living standards of people. Production Output Performance Definition of Indicators The dollar value of the various goods and services that are produced within the country during a given time period is referred to as GDP. Real GDP unlike nominal GDP aims to determine GDP at the base price and not at the current market price. As a result, the real GDP captures a true representation of economic growth that is unperturbed by inflation. The percentage change in the real GDP on a periodic basis is referred to as real GDP growth rate. This is highly useful in acting as a reliable measure of national economic growth. Further, the GDP per capital is derived by taking GDP and dividing the same by the national population at a given point of time and is reflective of the living standards (Mankiw, 2012). Production Output Performance Explanation From the above, it is clear that Singapore has witnessed a stable GDP growth barring the turmoil causes due to the onset of the global financial crisis. Besides, the rising levels of real GDP growth are a healthy sigh for the economy particularly in the post financial crisis era. Besides, the GDP growth rate exceeds the population growth rate which is leading to a rise in the per capita GDP and hence increasing living standards of residents (Mankiw, 2012). This trend in the long term paves way for a stable economy and prosperous nation Production Output Performance Measures taken by government The stellar performance during the last decade and the recovery from the global financial crisis can be attributed to the host of steps undertaken by the Singapore government. The ease of doing business in Singapore is one of the highest not only in Asia but also the world and hence the nation has continuously attracted significant FDI despite its small size. Using fiscal policy as an enabler, the government has provided encouragement and requisite support to the use of advanced technology. Also, the productivity of people is on the increase through government skill building programs and relentless focus on access to quality and affordable education and health services. Low corruption coupled with planned city and land development has enabled the launch of Singapore as a global financial hub and thereby contributes to its sustained exemplary performance (Waring Lewer, 2013). Labor Market Analysis Trend Analysis The following graph summarizes Singapores unemployment rate during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). The graph above indicates that the highest unemployment rate was witnessed in the third quarter of 2009 along with third quarter of 2005 and was estimated at 3.4%. The lowest level in unemployment was witnessed just before financial crisis started in 2008. Hence, the third and fourth quarter in 2007 had lowest levels of unemployment. In the recent times, the unemployment levels have stabilized around 2% which augers well for the economy. Unemployment Definition Unemployment refers to circumstance when individual belonging to labour force is without work. Based on the underlying reasons that dictate the unemployment, there are three types i.e. cyclical, structural and frictional. Cyclical unemployment occurs due to fluctuations of the business cycle which in turn impacts the demand for labour (Weale Christodoulakis, 2015). Structural unemployment occurs due to alterations in the underlying technology and structure of industry which fundamentally alters the skillsets required and hence the labour with these skillsets is not available, there is shortage of labour and simultaneously there is unemployment since the desired skill are lacking amongst the labour force (Goodwin et al., 2013). The time required for an employee to shift from one job to another leads to frictional unemployment (Mankiw, 2012). Types of Unemployment - Singapore All the above mentioned unemployment types occur in Singapore as explained below. Cyclical unemployment continues to exist as labour in Singapore primarily comes from outside the country and especially neighbouring Asian countries. Thus, fluctuations in the business cycle tend to alter the aggregate demand which has a profound impact on the labour demand and hence causes cyclical unemployment in times of recession (Tan, 2015). Structural unemployment exists as the nation continues to place emphasis on high technology and capital intensive practices in various sectors. As a result, the labour force needs to be highly agile and adapt to these new technologies used in various processes. Since skill up-gradation is a gradual process, hence there is some structural employment that exists (Pigou, 2013). As there are members of the work force who are looking for better jobs, thus they leave their jobs and thus are temporarily unemployed which gives rise to frictional unemployment (McTaggart, 2012). Unemployment Measures taken by the government In a bid to stabilize unemployment at an optimum level, a number of steps have been taken by the government. He government uses fiscal policy in a prudent manner which enhances the overall productivity and provides incentive to various businesses to set up shop in Singapore which ensures that cyclical employment is low (Borio, 2014). Further, in the form of innovative programs like Workfare Income Supplement (WIS), the government supports the unemployed so that they can successfully invest in skill building.(Wagner, 2014). Also, there are dedicated programs for enhancing skills such as SPUR (Skill Program for Upgrading and Resilience) where individual can both learn new skills and simultaneously get paid. These measures are highly helpful in minimizing the incidence of structural unemployment (Cho Newhouse, 2013). Price Level Analysis Trend Analysis The following graph summarizes Singapores inflation rate movements during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). It can be observed that then during the given period, a high inflation of 7% was clocked before the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008. In the aftermath of this crisis, there was deflation which reached a maximum level of -1% in 2010. The inflation rate has not been stable and is following patterns of rise and fall. The first inflation peak is visible just before the crisis while trough is visible at the height of the crisis in 2010. Again, owing to recovery in growth, inflation peaked in 2012 after which it has dropped to almost zero in 2014. Inflation Definition Inflation is referred to the general price rise and is detrimental if high as it erodes moneys purchasing power (Simpson, 2014). Inflation is the result of the interactions between the demand and supply forces. The two major reasons are inflation are the rise in demand and the shortage in supply or rise in the input costs. The inflation caused due to the demand exceeding the supply is referred to as demand pull inflation (Ghosh, 2013). However, the inflation which is caused due to rise in input costs which are then passed on to the consumers is referred to as cost inflation (Gandolfo, 2013). Types of Inflation and Causes - SingaporeBoth the demand and cost inflation exist in Singapore. The demand pull inflation is caused due to increase in population and their disposable income which leads to a higher demand for certain products and services. In the short run, since the supply cannot adjust to these, hence the price rises. Also, there are supply shocks especially in imported items which causes a decrease in the supply and simultaneously leads to cost inflation as these becomes expensive in the international market and the consumers in Singapore have to bear the brunt (Ghosh Yu, 2013). Inflation Measures taken by the government In order to reduce the dependence of nation on imports, the monetary authority of Singapore regulates the currency exchange rate. Besides, due to high amount of foreign funds inflow and outflow, interventions by the monetary authority becomes imperative so that these excess funds brought into the country do not fuel inflation (Bhaskaran, 2014). Besides, the government also uses various fiscal measures which include providing subsidies and tax rebates to those imported items which are integral to the life of the people particularly basic food products. This helps keeping inflation in check. Further, self reliance thorough long term negotiated contracts is also being worked out by the government to combat inflation (Das, 2014). Conclusion It can be derived on the back of the arguments that the macroeconomic indicators of Singapore during 2005-2014 have remained stable despite being briefly disrupted by the global financial crisis. This is commendable for an open economy which operates in a dynamic global environment where global shocks are so common. Despite that Singapore has been able to maintain a robust GDP growth while keeping unemployment and inflation in check. Also, a stable regime has been provided to the investors due to the stability in the above parameters. A huge credit for this environment goes to the government which has taken timely measures to ensure that the macroeconomic health of Singapore is not compromised. Reference Borio, C. (2014). The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?, Journal of Banking Finance, 45, 182-198. Bhaskaran, M., (2014). Challenges Facing the Singapore Economy, Southeast Asian Affairs,2014(1), pp.290-302. Cho, Y., Newhouse, D. (2013). How did the great recession affect different types of workers? Evidence from 17 middle-income countries,World Development,41, 31-50. Gandolfo, G., (2013). International Economics II: International Monetary Theory and Open-Economy Macroeconomics, Springer Science Business Media. Ghosh, A. and Yu, J., (2013).Singapore Inflation Expectations: Expecting the Unexpected, Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. Goodwin, N., Nelson, J., Harris, J., Torras, M. and Roach, B., (2013). Macroeconomics in context, New York : ME Sharpe. Mankiw, N. (2012).Macroeconomics, New York: Worth Publishers McTaggart, D., Findlay, C., Parkin, M. (2012).Macroeconomics, French Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Pigou, A. C. (2013).Theory of unemployment, New York: Routledge Simpson, B. (2014).Money, Banking, and the Business Cycle, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Tan, K. P. (2015). Singapore in 2015.Asian Survey,55(1), 157-164. Trading Economics (2016), 300,000 Indicators from 196 countries, Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/ Waring, P., Lewer, J. (2013). The global financial crisis, employment relations and the labour market in Singapore and Australia, Asia Pacific Business Review,19(2), 217-229. Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N. (2015).Macroeconomic Policy, Florence: Taylor and Francis.

NATO Essays (2502 words) - NATO, , Term Papers

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization has been a silent partner on the world stage for more than half of the century and the most successful political-military alliance in history. The United Nations and their peacekeeping efforts have had the spotlight for the past few years. However the driving force behind any successful agreement or, if needed, action on the part of several countries has been because of the strong foundation and experience of NATO and its members. The following report will chronicle the events leading up to the creation of NATO, its first decade, the constant struggle with communism in the decades that proceed, and finally the challenges for NATO today and in the future. In the years after World War II, a new threat encroached upon the leaders of Western Europe and their hopes of a stable peace. This threat would be from the growing dominance of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in Eastern Europe. The USSR had an increasing appetite for the smaller countries to her west. These aggressive demands for territory and the placing of installations in taken countries fueled the fears of many that the USSR was marching toward a third world war. Britain and France, not wanting to make the mistake again of appeasing this new menace until it was too late, developed the Dunkirk Treaty in 1947. This treaty in essence pledged a common defense against any aggression. The USSR answered this by creating a European Communist organization called the Cominform and it rejected the European Recovery Program, which is commonly known as the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan, named for the US Secretary of State, was basically a financial bailout for the European nations. These nations were starving because of the slow and near stopping of the coal and agricultural industries after WWII. The US offered millions of dollars to all of Europe to aid in rebuilding for four reasons. First, Europe had been a great marketplace imports and exports for the US. Second, historically West Germany had been an industrial hub and needed to be brought back to tip-top shape to buffer the expanding USSR. Third, with its increasing mass the USSR was becoming a rival to the US. Lastly, without this aid Western Europe might look to the USSR for help, which would make life a lot tougher for American interests. The year of 1948 was pivotal for Europe. In February, the Communists in Prague staged a coup d'etat and the spring brought the beginning of the Cold War. Immediately after WWII, Germany was divided in to occupation zones by Britain, France, the US, and USSR. The capital of Germany at the time was Berlin, which happened to fall in the Soviet zone. The governing administration located in Berlin fell, because of the obvious reason of "too many cooks spoil the broth". When this happened, the USSR demanded that Berlin become solely part of the Soviet zone, since its status as capital was ruined. The USSR enforced this ruling by blockading all land routes into and tried to force the other powers out of its respective sectors of Berlin. Eventually the Berlin Blockade was squelched by a military airlift that lasted the rest of the year. The city still remained divided and became known as East (Soviet controlled) and West Berlin. This transgression on the part of the USSR prompted negotiations between Western Europe, the US and Canada that resulted in the North Atlantic Treaty. The language of the North Atlantic Treaty originally consisted of its preamble and fourteen articles. The preamble states that members will promote common values and will "unite their efforts for a collective defense." The key article of the North Atlantic Treaty is number five (it's the one that inspired my title) it reads, "The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them...shall be considered an attack against them all." Another interesting article is the last one, number fourteen, and it calls for the deposition of the official copies of the treaty to be kept in the US Archives. The US already was establishing itself as the dominant member of an organization that is supposed to be based on equal responsibility. After the ratification of this treaty the structure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) began. The highest policy-making body in NATO is the North Atlantic Council, which met in Paris until 1967. The council composed of permanent delegates from all members was responsible for general policy, budgetary outlines, intergovernmental consultation and administrative actions. There are two main temporary committees

Web site Essays - Computer Science, Computing, Software, Free Essays

Web site Essays - Computer Science, Computing, Software, Free Essays Web site Web-Based Software BSHS/352 June 10, 2013 Software enhance The software learning team C chose to use will enhance numerous client services areas within a human service organization because it will enable servicing the client more rapidly and inputting the information in faster, keeping documentations up-to-date regularly so that the clients services are never hindered. Concerning client services, they are taken very seriously and a clients satisfaction is essential and crucial to ensuring that we are providing them with all the help that they need accurately and efficiently. According to Social Solutions Transforming Human Services (2013), "it is a vitally essential component to have for virtually every nonprofit organization, NGO, and government agency (Human Services Software Created by Human Service Professionals). It is vital that as a government agency the appropriate and accurate software had to be chosen because this will ensure that all areas within the agencies, especially our client services are brought together successfully and take lead in assessment efforts, the use of web support, and against all visibly measured outcomes. The software helps us to see where adjustments are needed if any, enables our ability to see what services a client already has, those pending, and makes it easier to keep stakeholders in the loop of the success has (Social Solutions Transforming Human Services, 2013). Client and Services Tracking System is a system that helps with keeping track of clients and the services provide basic human needs, so instead of us just providing our clients with a sheet that has names, addresses, and numbers of other agencies that can assist them with clothing, financial assistance and an emergency food source there is no longer any need to do that the software compiles all the information for us so we can get the services that the client is in need of without delaying one from receiving the help that he or she need. This software makes processing clients information more accurate, faster, and easier to be aware of the services a client is already receiving. The ability to track clients information will enable the processing time to be minimized and things to move swifter those within their household, the services can be immediately released. Client can be informed on the services they qualified for and how along they are eligible to receive because all the ha nd-written work that previously had to be done is no longer needed. Although in order for the process to complete as fast as it should all the primary required information and it will do the rest (Cussn Software Connection, n.d.). Utilize software Both Efforts to Outcomes (ETO) and CUSSN software Connection have software that will utilize the functions of the organization that offer client services. The Human Services Software created by Human Service Professionals offers different services, which can better benefit both the Human Service workers and the client who it serves. Efforts to Outcomes (ETO) nonprofit software by Social Solutions help to give organizations a clear picture of which efforts are having the greatest impact on the social issues they strive to address (Social Solutions, 2013). Utilizing the services provided the software can help with recording the daily events that staff provides also uses the information to improve services provided and what the workers need to improve in their delivery. Performance management software goes the extra step by giving you the features you need to quantify your efforts, measure participant progress, help you understand your impact with, and empowering you to make adjustments to continuously improve your services. (Social Solutions , 2013). ETO human services offer case management, performance management, collaborative social services, and billing software and reimbursement software. With the many services provided the workers can focus on the clients and their needs and take care of their other responsibilities. Advantages and disadvantages Many human services agencies employ software packages to help and establish control of their agency. With many multiple human services softwares out there it is important that he or she finds one that can be a time saver and help preserve data. There will always be some advantages and disadvantages of using these softwares. After reviewing the two softwares these programs offer different task that can help a human services agency become more effective. There are

The Issues of Unmarried Cohabitation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Issues of Unmarried Cohabitation - Assignment Example Hence, going by the implicit ramifications of the California Community Property Law, Graves is entitled to all claims that arose in the light of her having a marital relationship with Ennis. 2. Even if Graves and Ennis had both been male unmarried cohabitants who had been living together for the past seven years, had commingled their properties and had life insurance policies naming each other as beneficiaries, Graves still had a cause of action for NIED because there still existed an express and implied-in-fact contract between them if one goes by the intent and spirit of Marvin vs. Marvin, amply corroborated and sanctified by the action of Graves comingling his property with Ennis, and Ennis naming him as beneficiary in his life insurance policy. Hence, principally speaking Graves did suffer a loss of consortium, irrespective of him and Ennis being males. Moreover, varied legal provisions in California, like The California Family Rights Act, extend similar protections to the same-sex domestic partners as they extend to heterosexual couples. 1. Yes, California has indeed adopted a paradoxical position towards the rights of unmarried couples by extending those rights in the contract, but not in tort. In Marvin vs. Marvin, the honourable court did agree that there existed an express an implied-in-fact contract between the same sex cohabiting couples. If the economic ramifications of the decision in Marvin vs. Marvin extended a financial validity to the relationship between the same sex cohabiting couples, it is but natural to arrive at the premise that in an emotive context, there does is some sort of relationship of emotional dependency between the unmarried cohabiting couples. However, in Elden vs. Sheldon, the California court instead of extending the Marvin decision in an emotional sphere and consequently in the sphere of tort, rather declared any claim for loss of consortium as inapplicable in the case of committed but not married partners, thereby causing much confusion and ambiguity.  Ã‚  

How does media affect the way people percieve the world Essay

How does media affect the way people percieve the world - Essay Example Hostility of Moroccans towards US has increased from 61 percent in 2002 to 88 percent in 2004. Egypt negative perception of US has risen from 76 percent to 96 percent. An Opinion poll (study) conducted in Egypt at Cairo University in 2002 revealed that 72 percent of the respondents held negative perception of US when compared to 28 percent of the respondents who portrayed positive attitudes. The American regime is portrayed as a hostile country that fails to respect the rights of other individuals. People in Middle East have used various words to describe US such as tyranny, supremacy, deceit, pro Israel, enemy, hypocrisy and ethical decay (El-Bendary, 2011). Research has suggested that Arab hostility towards U.S is worsened by US activities and policies in the Middle East. It has its origin from the Gulf war and the alleged US support of Israel in the Israel-Palestinian conflict. Additionally, there have been allegations that America is trying to humiliate and subject Arab people to their ideologies. Because of this, the Arab regimes (through their control of the media), have been spreading negative stereotyped images about the west (Zogby, 2004). The Arab opinion of U.S policy in the Middle East is much influenced by the Arab media. Video footage showing images of violence in the West Bank and Gaza strip are delivered across Arab satellite news channel, radio and by other news agencies to the millions of Muslims and Arabs around the World. The Americans foreign policy is defined and debated over Arab media as it unfolds. Satellite television, newspaper, magazines and radios have the greatest influence in the Middle East as they are accessed by many audiences (Zogby, 2004). The information contained in the Arab media about the US is a perception of how the Arabs and Muslims think about the west. There is a disregard whether the news is negative or positive. Americans have adopted the same logic. The popular culture and mass media in the United Stated have come up with stereotypes that portray all Muslims as Arabs and all Arabs as terrorist. The Americans utilize representations and language in cartoons, movies, news, magazine stories, the popular culture and the media in propagating of evil Arab stereotypes. These stereotypes are comprised of various people, beliefs, ideas, religions and assumptions. Movies and magazines present tainted images of Middle East men. The recent movies have highlighted Barbarism and cruelty as the common traits associated with Arabs. The Mentioned stereotypes are a false mental image and are not from the true image (Mady, 2004). The United States has made efforts to present a clear image of American society and polices, which have not had an impact. Washington has sponsored various Arabic-language media organization. This includes Hi Magazine, Al Hurra TV and Radio Sawa. In spite of this funding ($62 million to Al Hurra in 2004 alone), these stations and publications have failed to project and improve America n credibility in the Middle East region. Galal notes that the September 11, 2001 attacks on the U.S illustrate the problem of negatively held perception about U.S in the Arab and Muslim World (El-Bendary, 2011). Differences and Similarities between the Middle East and the United States According to Mady (2004), the media in the Middle East and United states have had many significant similarities despite their

Current trends in the market from risk management prospective Essay

Current trends in the market from risk management prospective - Essay Example The Most Important Trends in Global Financial Crisis That Have Affected Financial Markets, Institutions and the Economy from 2007 To 2009 Important lessons that can be learnt from the recent global economic crisis are purely based on risk prepared and management practices capable of averting any financial challenge. A general reluctance to handle risk with caution can be translated by all facts to have been the cause of economic downturns observed from 2007. According to Hubbard (p6)1 reluctance to employ the best risk assessment techniques prevents the management from realizing how potent and hazardous a risk would be. The author therefore attributes failure to mitigate risk to wrong technique for measuring the risk and its gravity. To illustrate this position, the author finds fault with the manner in which top risk management firms and federal agencies conducted their risk assessment resulting in wrong approach to mitigate the risks. A cascade of ill-informed interventions could o nly worsen the case for the economic crisis that hit the financial markets for the better part of 2008 through 2009 and whose impact is still being felt to date. It is clear that the most important trend in the modern economic world entails risk assessment, which must be done right at all cases to avoid miscalculations resulting into multiplier disasters. House ownership was at the centre of interest for the financial markets, having been established in the USA to such low risk levels that the major global financial players willingly ventured in it. As Fraser and Simkins (p272)2 observe, a high demand for housing attracted high prices and supply was fast catching up to share in the benefits. The Federal Reserve was allowing the lowest interest rates for the first time in the history of the market. The homeowner society of Japan which has been prone to stagnation for long is being affected by economic crisis resulting from globalization. In most of the developed countries where capit al market is deregulated by neo-liberal policies, their financial institutions are facing great effects from the global financial markets. For instance for these countries to maintain their market for their goods they have to maintain strong relations with the particular countries which provide market for their goods. This may lead to a financial crisis in that the developing countries may end up accruing debts which may affect the market. Global financial crisis through the economic turns of the overseas countries have damaged the export-based macroeconomics of Japan ACCORDING TO Forrest and Yip (p199). As the global financial crisis around the world has affected the economy and thus has brought about significant drops in stock markets. The downfall of the United States sub-marine mortgage market followed by the reversed housing boom of the industrialized countries economy has had a diverse effect around the globe. The sub-marine crisis resulted from financial assets such as securi ty assets which involved banks transferring their loans into purchasable assets. This results to banks off-loading loans which are risky onto other financial institutions. The crisis have also been on the increase because of the fact that banks are engaging in huge risks which in turn increase their exposure to financial problems. Collapsing banks suck funds from the economy in their

Theories of Unemployment: Application to the UAE

Theories of Unemployment: Application to the UAE Introduction: Unemployment is defined when an individual is actively seeking the for the job but is unable to find the work (Solow, 1980). This paper attempts to explore various unemployment theories and then find the best suitable theory to apply to the UAE economy. Advantages and disadvantages of the chosen theory will also be discussed in the paper. Recommendations will be provided to reduce the unemployment in the UAE. The paper is organized as follows: next section defines and discusses five unemployment theories, while the best suited theory/theories will be discussed in the third section. The fourth section will be composed of the strategies to be employed to reduce unemployment in the UAE. Recommendation and conclusion will be provided in the last section. Unemployment theories: Since the great recession in December 2007, many countries whether developed or developing has experienced a high rate of unemployment. There are different types of unemployment. In this section, following five types of unemployment are discussed with reference to the empirical evidence. Frictional unemployment: A switching or transition between the jobs is called as a frictional employment. The transition between the job can be for many reasons which include: looking for a better-paid job, migration from one state to another, from part time to full time employment or the vice versa. If a person who seeks a job, gets according to his requirement or desires within a week will not be counted as a frictional unemployment, but this is not possible in a real life situation. Monetary and fiscal policy can also not bring the frictional unemployment down without putting an extra inflationary pressure on the economy (Bruce and Marshal, 1976). Structural unemployment   A mismatch between the kind of the job and the availability of the skill causes a structural unemployment in a country (Peter, 1969). It is the case with most of the countries that employers do not find the required skill and the labor does not find the required or an interested job (Peter, 1969). So, the workers do not take the jobs which are not highly paid or for which they do not have an interest, which increases the unemployment in the country. On the other hand, companies also do not hire individuals who do not possess the right skills and required expertise, so a structural unemployment takes place. Technological unemployment   Boinovasky and Trautwein (2010) discussed the technological unemployment in their research paper and focused on the Schemputers writing on unemployment from 1908 to 1954. Shumpter (1926, 1928, and 1931). Schumpeter concluded that all frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployed can be summed into one unemployment type which we may call as a technological unemployment. According to Neiser (1942) a technological unemployment is the stepchild of economic science and hence cannot be avoided. Regional  unemployment Unemployment due to the regional differences is called a regional unemployment. Therefore, a structural unemployment occurs in the local or regional area it is called regional unemployment. For example, an unemployment in the New York instead of the USA is known as a regional unemployment. Seasonal unemployment Unemployment due to seasonal changes is called seasonal unemployment. Many individuals get unemployed in extreme hot season in UAE and in extreme winter in the UK. Best unemployment theories for UAE (200) Chart 1: UAE unemployment rate Historical Data Chart The unemployment in the UAE is presented in the chart 1. United Arab Emirates faced an increase in the unemployment Rate from 4.3 in 2010 to 4.6 in 2011 (Central Bank of UAE, 2011). Since 1985 till 2011, a high unemployment rate was observed in 2011, which was 4.6. Ann unemployment has increased substantially over the last six years and it jumped from 2.17% in 2007 to 4.6% in January 2012. The definition of fan unemployment in the UAE is the same as in other countries; a person looking actively for the job but unable to find the work is called an unemployment. Technological unemployment best identifies the UAE economy. The major reasons behind an increase in the technological unemployment in the UAE are listed below: Increase in the population which is unskilled or not technologically advanced. Technological advancement has substituted human with machines and capital. An increase in the migrants from other countries in the UAE has increased the competition. So there is an increase in the technological unemployment. Few other causes have been identified in the report TANMIA (2011), which is presented in the chart 2 below. Source: TANMIA, 2011 How to reduce unemployment in the UAE Emiratisation To employ the residents and citizens of the country in a meaningful and efficient way by the government is called an emiratisation. This is a very active program in the UAE. It basically promotes the countrys human resource in an optimal manner to get employed and encourage the multinationals to rely on the countries own human resource. Advantages Below is the list of advantages of the Emiratisation: It adds to the growth and sustainability of the companies and manufacturers when they have to rely heavily on the local residents of the country. The UAE culture will be promoted and spread. It supports and contributes to the growth and learning of the UAE nationals for the betterment and benefits of the human capital development. Disadvantages of Emiratization The major disadvantage of the Emiratization is the forced reliance on the employment of the UAE nationals. The private sector is still lagging behind the public sector and the UAE national are not willing to work in the private sector. Conclusion and Recommendation The report presents an overview of different unemployment theories with reference to the academic literature. The major theories discussed in this report include structural, regional, seasonal, frictional, and the technological unemployment. The analysis of these theories reveals that UAE is mostly suffered without the technological unemployment. As, the country is one of the freest economy in the world with the lowest tax rates, so it is the center of all big multinationals to set-up their plants in the UAE. After having installed their plants and machinery, now their employers seek for highly technical and skilled employee. To overcome the unemployment in the UAE, the government will have to take the following actions: It should initiate active and effective labor market programs which should target at least 5000 job seekers per annum to lower the unemployment in the region. Khalifa fund should be established for amortization empowerment, which will enhance the domestic labor force demand. Government should focus on the foreign labor policy to restrict the jobs for them and improve an employment rate for the UAE nationals. Government should also improve the participation rate in the private sector which will help lower the unemployment rate due to technological advancement.

The Federal Reserve Essay -- Economics

To understand the purpose and role of the Federal Reserve System, we must first know the origin of the central bank of the United States. On December 23, 1913 President Woodrow Wilson signed The Federal Reserve Act. The primary purpose of the act was to make sure that a supply of money and credit would be available in the United States to meet banking demands by establishing Federal Reserve Banks which would hold the responsibility of supporting the credit structure during periods of financial strain. Other banks were expected to rely on the Federal Reserve for emergency cash and credit. Government and banking influence would select the management, primarily a board of directors chosen by banks. Supervision would be by the Federal Reserve Board. The intent in 1913 was to create eight to twelve centrally located district Federal Reserve Banks and national banks would be required to keep a part of their reserve with the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve would receive deposit s from the government and receive deposits and lend to member banks only. It took almost a year to determine the boundaries of the decided twelve districts and establish the twelve Reserve Banks (one of the four components of the Federal Reserve). Named after the city in which they are located, the twelve Banks are Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Dallas, and San Francisco. The Federal Reserve plays a significant role in maintaining the stability and liquidity (the ability to turn an asset into cash) of the financial system by working towards low and stable inflation and also strive to encourage growth in output and employment . A second component, the Federal Reserve Board... ...y 10). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System: http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/other/20110110a.htm Press Release. (2012, January 11). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System: http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/other/20120110a.htm (1914). The Federal Reserve Act of 1913. In O. Sprague, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 28 No. 2 (pp. 213-254). Oxford University Press. The Budgetary Impact and Subsidy Costs of the Federal Reserve's Actions During the Financial Crisis. (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2012, from CBO: http://www.cbo.gov/publication/21491 Who are the members of the Federal Reserve Board, and how are they selected? (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2012, from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System: http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12591.htm